I know why the caged bird sings(Author- Maya Angelou) Essay

I know why the caged bird sings(Author- Maya Angelou) - Essay Example This is through establishing broad vision of black women in the American culture. Based with her childhood life, Maya focuses on her effort and struggle to overcome restrictions that have been placed upon her in antagonistic environment. In order to escape from the traditional ways of life, she frequently asks questions, which are her strategic tools to shape her strength. This is relevant to women in the modern world since they are denied chances to express their opinion. However, their voices can lead to self empowerment thus relieving them from societal bondage (Angelou 18). Chapter 15 of the book features racism as another major issue in the society. This is depicted by Maya, who is a little Black girl brought up in a society where racism surrounds her. When Maya visits a dentist, he refuses to treat her indicating that he will rather lay his hand on his dog’s mouth than in Negro’s (Angelou 25). Racism in this book relates to the modern world where Africans are treated unequally in the American society. In Chapter 17, the author has used the life of an African American woman struggling to escape from the cruel and oppressive world. In this case, she depicts how racism has caused oppression of African Americans, thus preventing them from getting freedom and happiness in their lives. This portrays what African Americans faces in American society before they were granted full citizenship (Angelou

Office Equipment Market Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 21000 words

Office Equipment Market - Dissertation Example The research examines the state of the office equipment market for determination of whether or not it can withstand new entrants. Focusing on three technologies and types of equipment, copiers, printers and facsimile machines, the findings indicate that this is an innovation driven and innovation-based market. The implication here is that the first-mover advantage principle holds, wherein new entrants are not likely to succeed. Indeed, the technologies and resources available to the first movers and early entrants render this a closed market in the sense that it is unlikely to absorb new entrants. An application of the resource-based view of the firm confirms this hypothesis. The dissertation, however, finds that while the opportunities for new entrants in the referenced market are limited, they do exist. Quite simply stated, should the first-movers cease their continued drive towards innovation, thus, leaving a gap in the market, new firms can enter. They, however, can only do so if they have timed their innovations to coincide with the mentioned gap. As the study concludes, the opportunities for new entrants are far and few between and, indeed, their chances for success are minimal at best, considering resource variances between them and the early entrants. The fact remains, however, that such opportunities exist with the key being innovation and product timing. Chapter 1 - Introduction and Overview 1.1 Introduction To those from without the industry, the office equipment market appears to be a highly lucrative one. Indeed, as several market researchers have remarked, the profits which the printer, copier and facsimile machines' market appears to promise seems to beckon new market players to enter this particular industrial and market sector... To those from without the industry, the office equipment market appears to be a highly lucrative one. Indeed, as several market researchers have remarked, the profits which the printer, copier and facsimile machines’ market appears to promise seems to beckon new market players to enter this particular industrial and market sector (Herbig & Kramer, 1994; Elliot, 2005; Ruffo, Tuck and Hague, 2007). Irrespective of appearances, however, and not withstanding the size of the market, there is no room for new players as this is a first-mover market in which the odds are stacked against new entrants. As noted by several market analysts and marketing scholars, innovation is the key to survival within this market and, due to that, the market status of its key players (Xerox, IBM, Ricoh, Canon, Kyocera-Mita and HP) is virtually untouchable (Clarke, 2000). Proceeding for the above-stated, it is apparent that professional and academic opinion tends towards the contention that the office equipment market is not open to new players; that there is no room for new players within this market. This is not, as some may assume, because the key players have a tight, quasi-monopolistic grip over the market. Instead, and as noted in the above, this is because this is a market of innovation and, hence, by definition, favours early movers. In order to clarify this further, it is necessary to explore the nature of innovation. Innovation, it is argued, is more than invention. Put differently, inventions do not necessarily result in innovation.

The Environmental Impact Assessment Tourism Essay

The Environmental Impact Assessment Tourism Essay This chapter deals with the literature review which is a report of what has been published on the topic by qualified scholars. This chapter will give an insight on the environmental impact assessment, its steps, effectiveness and weaknesses, followed by the concept of biodiversity and a critical review of two articles related to the topic. Lastly it elaborates on tourism development on Ile aux Cerfs. EIA was set up to deal with concerns about the effects that main development projects were having on the environment. It is important to know that EIA is an environment assessment tool. A very straightforward definition of EIA is that it is a methodical procedure of identifying, predicting, analysing, evaluating and mitigating all the environmental effects a future development or activity before setting up the project (United Nations, 2001). The EIA also considers the natural, socio cultural and economic aspects.EIA and the important steps which need to be carried out to accomplish the assessment is covered by the ISO 14011. EIA is also the most popular and accepted instrument used to measure environmental impacts for new or planned projects (Schianetz et al.2007). The crucial reason of why an EIA is needed is to prevent costly mistake in a project execution. These costly mistakes can arise either by the negative environmental impacts that are like to occur during the project implementation or by the alterations that are required afterwards in order to make the development environmentally suitable to government and community. 2.1.1 Concepts and Alternatives of EIA An environmental Impact Assessment supports various concepts namely Ecotourism, Cleaner Production, Eco-labelling but the two most supported concepts are Environmental Management and Tourism Carrying Capacity (Schianetz et al. 2007). As already mention above EIA is an environment assessment tool. There are many other tools used which can measure the impacts of the environment. Some of the tools are Sustainability indicators, Ecological footprint, Life Cycle Assessment, Strategic environmental Assessment and Environmental Auditing. Sustainable indicators are mostly used for assessing tourism destinations. Ecological footprint (EF) assesses the extent to which human race is using and consuming natures resources more rapidly than they can regenerate (Schaefer et al. 2006). Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodological structure for calculating approximately and assessing the environmental impacts for the life cycle of a product such as the exhaustion of resources like land, water, petrol coal and other natural resources (Rebitzeret al. 2004). Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a tool that permits to put together environmental concerns along with social and economic aspect and which is also an assessment on a policy level (Dalal-Clayton, Sadler, 2005). Environmental Auditing (EA) is a tool that a company can use to identify the level of its environmental impacts, find out whether or not the company is in agreement with valid acts, rules, and the expectations of its stakeholders, and increases knowledge on how it can maintain or progress its environmental performance going forward (Mattsson and Olsson, 2001). 2.1.2 Steps for EIA Werner (1992) had recommended that EIA can be used as a means in deciding if a project is viable and suitable, otherwise it can also be a means to plan how negative effects of an acknowledged development can be reduced. Furthermore, Roberts and Hunter (1992) have stated that EIA steps differ from a location to another, but at the development level, there are four fundamental standards that are mostly put into practice. The four standards are as follows: The characteristics of a development and related activities should be identified by an EIA. The facets of the environment that will be concerned should be recognized. The effects at the beginning and forthcoming stages should be assessed. EIA is related about the management of the benefits and alarmed about the negative impacts that can be generated. On the other hand, the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) mentioned the different phases of an EIA as follows: Screening Alternatives Preliminary Assessment Scoping EIA study and environmental impact statement Review Monitoring Screening Screening is carried out to assess if a development requires EIA. Its main concentration is about the effects it may have or if there are impacts that are unsure. Then eventually it will focus on the situations where environmental supervision effort may be essential. Hence EIA strategies may most of the time contain a records or schemas stipulating which projects need EIA (ex: constantly or specific situations). Alternatives Thinking of possible alternatives (demand, activity, place, development aim, setting up, contribution, no project) ought to be established prior to a selection being prepared. Some developments can be particularly on site (ex: mining, extraction takes place only where there is a mineral site). In such circumstances EIA may give extra attentions on actions such as scale, justifying actions and traffic supervision. Ventures promoted by government agencies might probably consider alternative locations or routes for development rather than private segment schemes where the premature requirements to obtain options or purchase land strongly controls development spot. Preliminary Assessment This is where screening recommends additional evaluation is required or if there is improbability about the nature of possible effects. There is the use of quick evaluation methods although there is the presence of enough detail to discover key impacts, their extent and consequence, and assess their significance for decision making. Below are steps that will illustrate if a complete EIA is required. Scoping A narrowing procedure frequently started by an assessment team to recognize the key problems of apprehension at an early phase in the planning course of action and direct the development of conditions of reference for the EIA. It assists location selection, recognizes potential options, and evades interruption due to having to evaluate formerly unrevealed probable impacts. Scoping must engage all interested parties such as the promoter or environmental agencies and public members. The outcomes establish the scope, depth and terms of reference to be addressed within Environmental Impact Statement (below). Once the location for development has been selected, the number of problems usually diminishes and consideration to specific details is enhanced. Main EIA Study Building and extending the previous phases to forecast the amount and level of effects and determine their importance. A range of schemes can be used including: checklists, questionnaires and networks models. The study should include consideration of mitigating measures- assessing the action proposed/ taken to avoid or reduce current or probable negative impacts of a project. However if there are qualms to a high extent, probable serious outcomes and no justifying actions, then the proposed project ought to be abandoned. However if there are qualms that can be decreased with a more in depth studies, then a claim can be postponed until further studies. Environmental Impact Statement It is a complete report that states the conclusions of the EIA and is most of the time asked by law before a new venture can start. Review To evaluate the satisfactoriness of the EIA to decision making and think about its repercussions. Monitoring Supervising of project accomplishment and action, an eventually an audit of the project after its completion. 2.1.3 Effectiveness of EIA EIA may ameliorate and provides continuous possibility on the long run for various projects. EIA has the prospect to offer the possibility to discover from know-how of comparable projects keep away from the (habitually elevated) expenses that may arise later justifying unexpected harmful and detrimental effects. 2.1.4 Weakness of EIA Critic is a vital part of every theory, procedure tool or concept. Criticism of EIA has been debated by many authors in many studies. One of the most common critics is that EIA only considers the direct impact of a development or activity but not the addition to the rising impacts in the area, Simpson and Wall, (2000). EIA cannot be used for the assessment of whole tourism destinations but only for specific projects such as airports, eco-resorts, activity or development near the beach, Schianetz et al. (2007). EIA is also criticized as it only deals with mitigating negative impacts rather than putting the effort in increasing the positive impacts, Simpson and Wall, (2000). However Biswas (1992a) and Hunter (1995a) have stated that steps of EIA have its deficiency. According to both authors, there is a trend that EIA concentrate more only on physical impacts and ignore social and cultural ones. EIA repeatedly concentrates on biophysical matters and where environment, social and economic features are dealt with, they are not usually included but instead EIA reports have the tendency to be illustrated as separate stages. 2.2 Biodiversity In popular usage, the word biodiversity is often used to describe all the species living in a particular area (www.cnx.org). Considering the particular area in a very large scale, biodiversity is simply all the life on the planet earth. The business dictionary defines biodiversity as the Variety and variability of microbial, plant, and animal life forms from all sources (including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems) and of the ecological complexes of which they are a part. In the context of this particular study, biodiversity and tourism is to be studied. The recent trend in the tourism industry has it that that nowadays more and more tourists have abandoned the famous sea, sand and sun, and tends more towards the nature based experience (www.unwto.de). A sound nature is increasingly being mentioned by tourists when they are choosing their destinations. The quality of the environment, therefore, cannot be neglected as a vital factor in the nowadays tourism trends. However, tourists go to a destination where the environment plays a key role at the destination. There is therefore an urgent need for a sustainable management programme and which tends to use natural resources in a sustainable manner. It is also to note that the year 2010 has been declared the international year if biodiversity. 2.2.1 Linking Biodiversity to Tourism Projects have already started concerning biodiversity and tourism. The most flagrant example is in Thailand which was struck by the Tsunami in the year 2004. Issues such as energy efficiency, security of tourists and climatic changes have been set up. As stated earlier, those issues impact directly on tourism.  Building on this, the Program for Energy Efficiency was  launched Thailand to mitigate the effects of climate change. Mauritius Island contains endemic species which are unique to the world but are plagued by massive population decrease. In the years 1500 and onwards the island was uninhabited by humans. After the landing of the Dutch, the introduction of non-native plant and animal species, biodiversity still flourishing started to be endangered. The 400 years following the first altercation in the Mauritians ecosystem, population of native birds, reptiles, and trees started to decrease and threatened to become extinct. The continuous decrease in the population of the living organisms threatened the life cycle such as the reproduction process and the balance of nature. We cannot neglect the fact that tourism has been growing and in biodiversity hotspots. Thus the quick growth in nature tourism and travel within the tourism industry for the past 2 decades, it may be said that the tourisms growth in those high biodiversity areas is because of the one and only nature and environment found at those hotspots. The destruction of this aspect of a destination is like tearing apart the spot and this forgetting definitely about tourism in that particular area. Ecotourism is an idea that is threatening tourism. Defined as the responsible travel to natural areas, that conserves the environment and sustains the well being of local people, ecotourism reformats the basic concepts behind tourism. Nature tourism is defined as travel to unspoiled places to experience and enjoy nature. Nature and adventure tourism focus on what the tourist is looking for. Ecotourism focuses on what the tourist does and the impact of this travel on both the environment and the people at the destination (Honey 2002). The tourism industry states that it contributes to sustainable development because it has less impact on the environment than other industries and is based on a specific area and so the local people are more motivated to protect those resources. Biodiversity is thus a critical component of the natural environment that tourists enjoy (Mattus et al. 2003). In addition to resource being on the verge of ending and habitat destruction, littering and water pollution are problems, linked to the tourism industry, definitely have a bad impact for biodiversity. Littering problem is fluent in some areas, where waste collection and management is difficult. Waste disposal from cruises are sources of problems due to the fact that they only have a limited space to carry all their waste until they reach the port, and ports have limited incentive (and capacity) to accommodate those waste. Coral reefs are at risk from tourism development. Holden(2000) states that as well as being mined for building materials, reefs suffer from sewage runoff that stimulates the growth of algae, covering the filter-feeding corals and hindering their ability to survive. Corals are damaged by anchors of boats from careless skippers and local people often take corals from their home habitat for sale. Again the tourist benefits is that the financing source stated by Brandon(1996) may help for finding alternative sustainable ways for the local people to earn their living and to launch training programmes to skippers and other staffs from the tourism industry. There is an urgent need to mitigate those impacts and to promote ecotourism activities which have emerged in the years 1980s and 1990s so as to have a sound environment and to promote the tourism sector at a destination because as said, the tourism industry is going more and more towards destination with a unique biodiversity. 2.2.2 Environmental Impacts of Tourism Development The Tourism Industry is said to be directly linked to the environment. The reason is that tourists mainly travel to be in a natural and green environment. Most of the hotels are found near the coast or on the Mountains. Many islands and countries use the environment as an attribute to promote tourism. The Maldives promote the archipelagos with the sea, sand and sun. It is also the case for the Caribbean Island which depends on its natural beauty and resources for the success of the tourism industry. In a report Examining the relationship between Tourism and the Environment in Barbados and St. Lucia, by Reginald I Burke, the importance of environment to the tourism sector was clearly mentioned. However the author states that Tourism and the supporting infrastructure that it requires pose threats to the environment particularly, the marine, coastal and terrestrial ecosystems as well as potable water resources. The positive impact of tourism on the environment is that it brings along revenue for the preservation and conservation of parks and rare animals. The tourism industry can make a significant contribution to the conservation of the destination. In fact, tourism can be a source of finance for biodiversity conservation, for example part of the entrance fee for a site goes to the conservation programme (Brandon 1996). The funds may be used in the sense that the local people can be provided with alternate jobs instead of exploiting the biodiversity for living. Tourists who visit an area may detect abnormalities in a specific area that local people, who are use to it, may not detect. Tourism can also be a way to increase awareness on the environment. Tourists are more conscious of the environmental protection before going to an area. Tourism also impacts on the environment in a negative way. During the development phase, there is a need to cut down trees so as to be able to construct hotels and other facilities that the tourists need. With the increasing in population, land is a limited resource that needs to be well utilized. The cutting down of trees often lead to destruction of habitats of animals life. It has also been noted that in areas where there has been lots of infrastructural development, there is less rainfall. It is important to have a good land use land. The tourism industry is one which produces lots of waste. These wastes are often released in the environment or the sea. The sewage system often goes directly in the sea for the resorts and the cruises. These wastes cause a degradation of the water quality and kills marine life. The coral reefs died and the beaches become vulnerable to waves leading to sand erosion. The Red Sea, in Egypt, has always been a tourism attraction. Sherbiny et al. (2006) states that with the tourism development along the Red Sea, where there has been the development of recreational attractions and sport activities, has lead to the destruction of the resource base of the Red Sea. The environment needs to be preserved because it will benefit the tourism industry and bring a lot term profit. Tour operators and hotels are trying to reduce wastage and pollution to rejuvenate the environment that has been destroyed. They opted for eco-friendly activities and sensitize the tourists before going on a site. It is very important that before implementing any development an EIA is done. The EIA will help to identify weaknesses and the impact on the environment and what can be done to reduce or even eliminate the impacts. 2.3 Case Studies It is important, before going more in dept in a study, to look at definitions and steps but also at different cases. The EIA tool is used all around the world by developed, developing countries and islets. Therefore through several readings of previous application of the tool at a destination, some more weaknesses or even strengths of the EIA can be identified because each region is not the same and have particular resources and characteristics. 2.3.1 Evaluation of the EIA system on the Island of Mauritius and development of an environmental monitoring plan framework (T. Ramjeawon, R. Beedassy, 2004) According to Ortolano and Shepherd (1995), Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a planning tool used to forecast and evaluate the impacts of planned projects in order to assist the decision making process. The limited natural resources of an island dictate its capacity to allow and sustain development. Islands face serious environmental problems due to their scarcity of natural resources, exposure to natural disasters, reduced areas, economic vulnerability and weakness in ecosystems. Therefore it is very important for islanders to understand and implement preventive strategies to have sustainable development. The need to carry out an Environmental impact assessment (EIA) and to obtain an EIA license from the ministry before undertaking the project is one of the main features of the Environment Protection Act in Mauritius. EIA brought important improvements in the planning, designing and decision making process but many difficulties have been encountered in the implementation of the EIA system. Without proper follow-up EIA can be seen as a just paper to secure a development permit rather than a mean to ensure environmental benefits and having proper environmental management. The rapid developments around the coast and lack of EIA monitoring have negative impacts on the coastal environment and this can affect the sustainable development of the tourism industry. The EIA system was introduced in 1993; those wanting to apply for an EIA license must submit copies (15) of the EIA report to the Director of environment and to ensure about the accuracy of the report it is opened for public inspection and comments. A copy of the EIA report is distributed to concerned agencies and ministries and written feedback is requested. The Environmental Assessment unit of the department of environment organizes a site visit to assess the potential environmental implications of the proposed development. Leu et al. (1996) introduced 9 fundamental components for an effective EIA system which are: Environmental regulations, guidelines and policies. Environmental administrative structure EIA Procedure Role of those which are involved. Status of the EIA reports EIA compliance monitoring and enforcement EIA implementation The implementation of strategic Environmental assessment International exchanges The 9 components were mostly followed for the evaluation of the EIA System in Mauritius. Nine hotels built during the last 5 years were selected to develop the Environmental Monitoring plan (EMP) and the EIA reports were evaluated by verifying their compliance with the official guiding principles of performing EIA. The quality of the EIA was assessed upon the following criteria: Baseline information Drawings and plans Techniques and methodology used to predict impacts Field surveys as well as consistency in the analysis Relevance of proposed measures Monitoring plan of impacts Impartiality of the contents of the EIA In the last 15 years much has been achieved in establishing legal and institutional framework in terms of environmental management in Mauritius. However most of the existing environmental laws are improperly enforced due to a lack of awareness of the laws and a lack of capacity and resources in the government departments. The following weaknesses were identified in the EIA process: The screening system is not adequate The minimum range of requirements of the EIA is too general to ensure the proper gathering of information for decision making process of whether or not to issue and EIA license. There is poor public participation in the project from the beginning till the implementation phase. There is a lack of clear criteria for the registration of eligible consultants for the preparation of an EIA report. The procedures for reviewing EIA and granting licenses lack in transparency and liability and there is no time frame regarding EIA applications. There is a lack of strategic environmental assessment for coastal development in particular areas. There is a lack of trained staff and expertise to conduct as well as review EIAs. The EIA reports do not include environmental management plans. One of the major assets of the tourism industry which is the lagoon is being left apart and there are no or insufficient investigations carried out on the attributes of the lagoon. More weight is being given to the economin impacts in the final decision making process and there is lack of information in the EIA reports. 2.3.2 A Critical Review of Environmental Impact Statements in Sri Lanka with Particular Reference to Ecological Impact Assessment (Miriya Samarakoon Æ John S. Rowan, 2008) EIA is a tool used to predict environmental consequences of proposed project in order to achieve sustainable development. According to Treweek (1996) Ecological Impact Assessment (EcIA) is an important element of EIA which explores how the sensitivity, viability and value of habitats, ecosystems and species can be affected by developments. An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is an official report about the results of EcIA and EIA. EIA has been criticized for the following reasons: Lack of time and funding Lack of research design Insufficient data on flora and fauna Failure in monitoring development impacts Lack of guidelines on the EcIA process The first EIA in Sri Lanka was conducted in 1980 and the legal framework is under the National Environment Regulations No.1 of the National Environment Act (NEA). There are 2 levels of EA which are stated in the NEA. The first level is the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) which is required when less adverse impact is expected and the second level is the EIA for developments where significant adverse impacts are expected. The Central Environment Authority (CEA) is the institution which is responsible for monitoring and managing the EA process and the Project Approving Agencies (PAAs) are responsible for the implementation of the EA process as well as the decision making process. Sri Lanka is well-known for its biodiversity and 5 levels of ecological surveying are recognized. Level 1 survey is about a brief overview of the ecology at the site and level 5 is the most complex level which is about collecting quantitative data on various key attributes of ecology. EAs must pay special attention to their assessment and effective measures must be taken so as to avoid potential negative impacts. 2.4 Overview of Tourism Industry Tourism is the worlds largest growth industry. Organization such as the world tourism organization state that in the next 15 years the number of tourist will increase from 845 million in 2006 to 1.6 billion by 2020 that is it will double. Furthermore 200m people are employs worldwide. These jobs very often occur in small or medium-sized, family-owned enterprises. Similarly these tourism jobs and development very often take place in fewer developing countries that will help to balance economic opportunities. For example in order to benefit from balance economic opportunities Mauritius which is an underdeveloped country is aiming 2m tourist by 2015. 2.4.1 Tourism development in Mauritius Tourism developments in Mauritius are based mainly on the 3s that is sea, sun and sand. By relying on the 3s, this causes the tourists being kept within the four walls of the luxurious hotels. Luxurious hotel is one of the major tourism developments in Mauritius. Larger international company such as Sun Resort Ltd has constructed luxurious and glamour hotels such as Le Touessrock Hotel, La Pirogue Hotel and Long Beach Hotel. Nowadays Mauritius has diversified their tourism product and services in order to attain the 2 million tourists by 2015. Mauritius is offering adventure tourism that is soft tourism and hard tourism. Furthermore the government is practicing responsible tourism and sustainable tourism. The government is also allowing tourism development on our islets such as Ile aux Cerfs. 2.4.2 Topography of Ile aux Cerf Our selected area to carry out the EIA is Ile aux Cerfs. It is a tourism development site and each day there are different sea activities that take place on the islet. Ile aux Cerf welcomes the Mauritian people as well as the tourists. With the introduction of sustainable development and Maurice Ile Durable, it is important to know what the impacts of these developments on Ile aux Cerf. The EIA will help to achieve our aim. Ile aux Cerf, situated in the east coast of Mauritius, is a stunning and naturally splendid islet. This small paradise constitutes about 100 hectares of soil. It is also known as the deer island and is recognized as having the best beach of the Indian Ocean. Ile aux Cerfs is not a residential area. Everyday tourists as well as locals visit the island. To reach the island, boats are available from Trou Deau Douce, a small village found in the east. It takes around ten minutes to reach the island. Tourism developments have taken place in the island making it a must see place to visit. In the past years, the island has become among the most well known tourist attractions. 2.4.3 Tourism Development on Ile aux Cerfs Ile aux Cerfs is an islet found in the east of Mauritius. Many people describe Ile aux Cerfs as a mini Eden where you can relax and spend nice time with family and friends. One of the main tourism developments in Ile aux Cerfs is the golf course and the sun group made this plan public in july 1998. The project consists of an eighteen-hole course and clubhouse. From the environment impact assessment report made previously on the islet it appears that the golf course covers an area of 40 hectares. Furthermore the Touessrok hotel is another tourism development that relies heavily on the Ile aux Cerfs. It is situated near the islet. The management of the Touessrok hotel is the one which managed the golf course on the islet. Touessrok hotel is a five stars plus well-known hotel throughout the world. More other another tourism development on Ile aux Cerf is the Paul Virginie Restaurant, which is again managed by the management of the Touessrok hotel. Located on the islet, the restaurants relaxing beachside setting, is perfect for a family lunch of fish, pizza and Mauritian dishes (http//:www.elegantresorts.co.uk). There are also a lot of tourism activities that take place on the islet. These activities are mainly sea activities that are provided by tour operators such as Happy Holidays Mauritius. Examples of these activities are speed zone, Rampage, Big Banana, Frequent flyer, Duo Patriot and parasailing (http//:www.happy.holidays.mu). Therefore these are some tourism development that occur in Mauritius and especially on the islet of ile aux cerfs. 2.5 Conclusion As we have seen before development can have negative impacts on the environment and therefore an EIA is required before the undertaking of any development be it tourism or non-tourism development in order to identify potential environmental impacts and find out strategies to minimize the negative impacts. However the EIA should be well-done and ways should be found to overcome the weaknesses of the EIA so that the report is an effective one and can help in minimizing environmental impacts.

Death and Grief in Mid-Term Break :: Mid-Term Break Essays

In the poem Mid-Term Break by Seamus Heaney, the ideas of death, trauma, grief and finality are explored. The poem itself is as haunting as it is brilliantly executed. The poem depicts a boy arriving home from boarding school, to where he is informed of the tragic death of his younger brother, whose doomed fate indelibly marks the narrator, whom is the boy’s older brother. The boy recounts the experience of losing a loved one. The author has incorporated many elements and style in a subtle and distinct manner.    The poem depicts a boy arriving home from school, â€Å"moaning in the college sick bay† to hear the news that his four year old brother has been killed in an accident. Upon arriving home, â€Å"I met my father crying.† This shows how death can cause much grief and trauma, as well as confusion. Here we can see that the stereotypical roles of the parents have been reversed/exchanged, with the father crying, and the boy’s mother, â€Å"Coughed out angry, tearless sighs.† It can be seen/evident, that deaths were quite common, â€Å"He had always taken funerals in his stride.† But no-one expected the death to hit quite so close to home†¦ to the heart. And then we see the tables have turned; the parents no longer were the spectators of the funerals, now that their own flesh and blood had been taken away from them.    The theme within the poem is subtly expressed, with an almost childlike innocence.   The theme is set out in a simple manner, yet pays much attention to detail. The theme is one of â€Å"finality.† Hence the title playing a huge role   in the revealing of the theme. â€Å"Mid-Term Break† suggests finality†¦ of one’s life†¦. Time. Along with death brings finality, and along with finality comes the repurcussions of death, such as trauma and   grief for all involved.    The emotions of the poem are beautifully poignant, and this allows the reader to be transported to a world of different experience, such as the repression. The mood within the poem has   a somber touch with an eerie silence. The poem positions the reader to come away with mixed emotions- anger, grief, confusion†¦ all of which the topic of death brings with it. This leaves the audience truly captivated with the simple text that represents so much emotion.    There are many images depicted in the poem, which   is what ultimately draws the audience   into it’s graps/ The impenatrable, life-altering consequences of death and the secrets of adolescence bring the poem to life.

Development Timeline (Birth to 19 Years)

TDA 2. 1 (1. 1) DEVELOPMENTAL TIMELINE – FROM BIRTH TO NINETEEN YEARS The time frames presented are averages and some children may achieve various developmental milestones earlier or later than average but still be within the normal range. BIRTH TO 5 YEARS | Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development| Communication andIntellectual Development| Physical Development(gross and fine motor)| Birth – 1 month| Generalised tension. Helpless. Asocial (not social). Fed by mother. | | Feedings: 5 – 8 per day. Sleep: 20 hours per day. Sensory Capacities: makes basic distinctions in vision, hearing, smelling and tasting, touch temperature and perception of pain. | 2 months – 3 months| Distress. Smiles at a face. Visually fixates at a faceand smiles at it. Maybe soothed by rocking. Enjoys being cuddled. Expresses delight. | Oral Exploration: cries, coos, grunts. | Sensory Capacities: colour perception; visual exploration. Motor Ability: control of eye muscles; lifts head when on stomach. | BIRTH TO 5 YEARS | Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development| Communication andIntellectual Development| Physical Development(gross and fine motor). 4 months – 6 months| Enjoys being cuddled. Recognises his mother. Distinguishes between familiar persons and strangers. No longer smiles indiscriminately. Expects feeding, dressing and bathing. | Oral Exploration: babbling; makes most vowels and about half of the consonants,| Sensory Capacities: localises sounds. Motor Ability: control of head and arm movements; purpo sive grasping, rolls over. | 7 months – 9 months| Specific emotional attachment to mother. Protests separation from mother. Enjoys â€Å"peek-a-boo† games. | Motor Ability: control of trunk and hands; sits without support; crawls about. | 10 months – 12 months| Responsive to own name. Waves â€Å"bye-bye†. Plays â€Å"pat-a cake†. Understands â€Å"no! â€Å"Gives and takes objects. Affection. Anger. Fear of strangersCuriosity & Exploration. | Language: says one or two words; imitates sounds; responds to simple commands. | Feedings: 3 meals per day, 2 snacks. Sleep: 12 hours per day with2 naps. Motor Ability: control of legs and feet; stands; creeps; apposition of thumb and fore-finger. | BIRTH TO 5 YEARS Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development| Communication andIntellectual Development| Physical Development(gross and fine motor). | 1 year – 11/2 years| Dependent behaviour. Very upset when separated from mother. Fear of the bath. Obey s limited commands. Interested in his mirror image. | Language: repeats a few words. | Motor Ability: creeps up stairs; walks (10 – 20 minutes); makes lines on paper with crayon; feeds himself. | 11/2 years – 2 years| Temper tantrums (1 – 3 years). Resentment of a new baby. Does the opposite of what he is told (18 months). Language: vocabulary of more than 200 words. | Motor Ability: runs; kicks a ball; builds a 6-cube tower (2 years); capable of bowel & bladder control. Sleep: 12 hours at night with1 – 2 hour naps| 2 years – 3 years| Fear of separation. Negativistic (2 1/2 years). Violent tempers. Different facial expressions – anger, sorrow and joy. Sense of humour; plays tricks. Copies parents actions. Dependent, clinging. Possessive about toys. (continued overleaf)| Language: talks, uses â€Å"I†, â€Å"me† and â€Å"you†; says words, phrases and simple sentences; vocabulary of 272 words. Inability to make decisions. Motor Ability: jumps off a step; rides a tricycle; uses crayons; builds a 9-cube tower; seats self on a chair; uses a spoon and fork; becoming independent in toileting; turns pages singly. | BIRTH TO 5 YEARS | Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development| Communication andIntellectual Development| Physical Development(gross and fine motor). | 2 years – 3 years(continued)| Enjoys play alongside another child. Resists parental demands. Gives orders. Rigid insistence on sameness of routine. Self-centred – beginning of personal identity. Possessive. Often negative; frustrated. More responsive to humour and distraction. Solitary play. Dependent on adult guidance. Plays with dolls. Little concept of others as â€Å"people†. Socially very immature. May respond to simple direction. Enjoys music. | . | | BIRTH TO 5 YEARS | Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development| Communication andIntellectual Development| Physical Development(gross and fine motor). | 3 years – 4 years| Knows if he is a boy or a girl. Enjoys brief group activities requiring no skill. Like to â€Å"help† in small ways. Self-sufficient in many routines of home life. Affectionate towards parents. Pleasure in genital manipulation. Cooperative play with other children. Attends nursery school. Imitates parents. Romantic attachment to parent of opposite sex (3 – 5 years). Jealousy of same-sex parent. Imaginary fears of dark, injury, etc. (3 – 5 years). Takes turns and likes to share. Beginning of identification with same-sex parents. Practises same-sex role activities. Intense curiosity and interest in other children's bodies. Imaginary friend. | Uses â€Å"we†. Has a vocabulary of 896 words. Growth in communication. Tells simple stories. Uses words as tools of thought. Has a desire to understand to his environment. Can answers questions. May recite a few nursery rhymes. .| Motor Ability: stands on one leg; jumps up and down; draws a circle and a cross (4 years); draws â€Å"Man†; cuts with scissors (not well); can wash and dry face; throws ball overhand. | BIRTH TO 5 YEARS | Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development| Communication andIntellectual Development| Physical Development(gross and fine motor). | 4 years – 5 years| Highly Cooperative play. Highly social – has special friends. Highly organised (5 years). May play loosely organised games (e. g. ag; hop scotch). Enjoys simple table games requiring turns and observing rules. Talkative. Versatile. Responsibility and guilt. Feels pride. Prefers to play with other children. Becomes competitive. Prefers sex-appropriate activities. Highly imaginative. Dramatic. Self-assured. Stable and well-adjusted. Home centred – likes to associate with mother. Capable of some self-c riticism. Enjoys responsibility. Like to follow rules. Interest in environment, town, city, shops, etc. | Talks clearly. Uses adult speech soundsHas mastered basic grammar. Asks endless questions. Learning to generalise. Tells long tales. Reads own name. Counts to 10. Asks meaning of words. Knows colours. Beginning to know the difference between fact and fiction. Has the ability to tell lies. Knows over 2000 words (5 years). | Motor Ability: hops and skips; mature motor control, skips; good balance; smoother muscle action; skates; rides a bicycle (with stabilisers); broad jumps, dresses without help, copies a square and a triangle; can draw recognisable simple objects; handedness established; ties shoes, girls' small muscle development about 1 year ahead of boys. | 6 YEARS TO 10 YEARS Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development| Communication andIntellectual Development| Physical Development(gross and fine motor). | Starts spending more time in school and with peers than with family. Has friends that are primarily the same sex. Accepts responsibility for their actions. Express concerns for the welfare of others. Personality and humour develops. Can â€Å"decentre† (realizes others have ideas and feelings that are not the same as theirs). Attention levels increase; can inhibit impulsive behaviour. Has greater emotional control. Play becomes sophisticated and increasingly symbolic. Playing a gang or group (organised sports and games). Spends more time and concentration on individual interests (books, music, computer games, constructing models. Tastes and skills are almost defined (pre-teen). Demonstrates â€Å"relativism† (they can be wrong and that theirs, and others, thoughts and feelings do not affect reality). Strongly influenced by friends. | Evidence of logical and organised thought. Demonstrates deductive reasoning. Understands the concepts of â€Å"right† and â€Å"wrong†. Speed and efficiency of thought increases. Can relate involved accounts of events. Complex and compound sentences easily used. Only a few lapses in grammatical constrictions (tense, pronouns, plurals). All speech sounds are established. Reading and writing with considerable ease. Plays challenging games and puzzles that test knowledge and physicality. Can classify one object in more than one way. Can carry on a conversation at an adult level. Learns to join their letters and can decipher other joined-up writing. Doodles and sketches becoming more naturalistic. Can follow (fairly) complex instructions with little repetition. Starts to question unknown concepts (eg. death, birth, etc. ). Able to set and achieve goals. Reads for pleasure (8+ years). Can tell the time (7+ years). | Motor Ability: movement is smoothand coordinated; can ride a bicycle without stabilisers; plays challenging games to test physicalityContinues to grow steadily in weight and height. Body proportions starting to look less childlike and more like those of an adult. Exhibits high levels of energy. Puberty may begin (as young as 9). Periods may begin (as young as 8). Sleep: 10 hours per day. | 10 YEARS TO 14 YEARS Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development| Communication andIntellectual Development| Physical Development(gross and fine motor). 13 YearsMay act in destructive ways – slamming doors; stamping feet. May become overly sensitive and easily offended. May begin dabbling in serious behaviour – self harm; smoking cigarettes; drinking alcohol; taking drugs; having sex). Peer pressure has the most influence. Interested in â€Å"fitting in† and â€Å"being the same† as their peers. Relationship s can become complex and intense – not speaking to others; enjoy fighting/making up. May have large shifts in social circles – may withdraw and avoid their peers or choose to stick with their friends, no matter what. Prefers to be social than tend to school-work or other responsibilities. Silliness can rule – can have a twisted sense of humour. May push away from their parents to spend more time with friends. Cliques and tight-knit groups can form. Between 12 and 14 years, both sexes become very aware of their sexuality and that of others. Nervous of developing too fast or too slowly. | A handwriting style develops. More abstract thought, incorporates principles of formal logic. Thinking becomes less tied to concrete reality. Formal logical systems can be acquired. Can handle proportions, algebraic manipulation. Evidence of organised, logical thought. Capable of concrete problem solving. Growing ability to see the consequences of their actions. More able to think like adults, but not the judgement and experience. Arguing skills improve (passionate). Reasoning skills improve – applies concepts to specific examples. Can construct hypothetical solutions to problems and evaluate. Focus on the future develops. Recognises cause and effect (present/future events). Sets personal goals. Decision-making skills improve. Learns to distinguish fact from opinion. Can evaluate credibility of various sources of information. May challenge adults' assumptions and solutions. | Girls:Onset of puberty (11 years). Menstruation begins (121/2 years – but sometimes earlier). Breasts begin to grow and develop (breast buds). Boys:Growth spurts, clumsiness and lack or coordination. Hormonal mood swings in boys and girls – moody, depressed, surly and rebellious; acutely interested in the opposite sex. Adult teeth in place (by 13 years). Special gifts and talents emerge (sports, artistic, mental, etc. ). 13 Years Girls:Growth in height continues, but a slower pace (adult height reached by 16 or 17 years). Breast development continues. Growth of pubic and under-arm hair. Body shape changes (hips, fat deposits – buttocks, legs, stomach). Periods become regular. Pregnancy becomes possible. | 10 YEARS TO 14 YEARS Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development| Communication andIntellectual Development| Physical Development(gross and fine motor). | 13 Years (continued)Evidence of â€Å"teen rebellion†. Early â€Å"risk taking† behaviour could increase in difficulty and occur with other risky behaviours. Eager to assert their independence. Negative and positive peer pressure – friends; classmates. Three possible major health problems include eating disorders; depression; substance abuse. | | 13 Years (continued)Boys:Rapid growth in height and weight. Muscles fill out – strength increases. Pubic and under arm hair appears and thickensBody hair increases. Voice deepens. Penis, scrotum and testes enlarge. Ejaculation and nocturnal emissions occur. Boys and Girls:Always hungry. Sleep patterns alter dramatically. Oily skin and acne may occur). Sweating increases. Rapid growth causes clumsiness and lack of coordination. Sexual desires and fantasies increase. | 14 YEARS TO 19 YEARS Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development| Communication andIntellectual Development| Physical Development(gross and fine motor). | 14 YearsUncertain, unhappy and sensitive. Withdrawn – spends time alone; needs privacy. Can be neurotic (convinced that everyone is watching and judging). Low self-esteem – very concerned with body image and appearance (physical ; sexual). May refuse to sociable with adults. Self-involved (may have high expectations and low self-concept). 15 YearsGenerally easy going; happy. Recognises own strengths and weaknesses. Is critical of others, specially parents. Likes to be busy with extracurricular activities. Large and varied social circle; friends of both sexes. Anxious to be liked and accepted. Strong interest in opposite sex. Can be quarrelsome and won't communicate. Desires independence from familyRelationships with siblings better than with parents. May have one or two â€Å"best friends†. Dating and romantic relationships may be commonplace. | | | 14 YEARS TO 19 YEARS Social, Emotional andBehavioural Development| Communication andIntellectual Development| Physical Development(gross and fine motor). 16+ YearsRelationship with family becomes easier; more caring. Self-assured with sense of self. Views parents as people, not the â€Å"bosses†. Friendships are very important – both sexes; shared interests. Intense romantic relationships. May have anxiety over school and test scores. Interest in school increases or decreases. Seeks privacy and time alone. May complain that parents prevent independence. Starts to integrate both physical and emotional intimacy into relationships. Is increasingly aware of social behaviours of friends. Seeks friends that share similar beliefs; values; interests. Friends become more important. Starts to have more intellectual interests. Egocentrism develops in some teenager. | 16+ YearsBecomes better able to set goals and think in terms of the future. Has a better understanding of complex interrelationships of problems and issues. Starts to develop moral ideals and to select role models. Cognitive maturity develops:Componential intelligence – ability to use internal information-processing strategies in problem solving,Metacognition – awareness of one's cognitive processes (vital in problem solving). Experiential intelligence – able to transfer learning effectively to new skills. Contextual intelligence – ability to apply intelligence in a practical context. Tacit knowledge –savvy or â€Å"street wise† (to work the system to one's advantage). | 16+ YearsGirls:Most have completed the physical changes related to puberty by 15 years. Boys:Still maturingGaining strength and muscle mass; height. Completing development of sexual traits. The brain is fully developed by 19+ years. |

United States Constitution

In the introduction of the book They Take our Jobs! : and 20 other myths about immigration written by Aviva Chomsky, Chomsky picks apart the words in the United States Constitution to support her belief that although immigrants, specifically Latino/Hispanic immigrants, are a large part in today’s U. S. society, they still do not have any rights or protection from the laws of the Constitution. She states that many of the arguments against immigrants in the United States stem from â€Å"serious misconceptions† that have been rooted from history up until present day.The view that immigration only brings about more problems and segregations for the host country has been on-going in history. When it comes down to it, a simple analogy could be made: it is difficult for the citizens or â€Å"homeowners† to be forced to house immigrants or â€Å"strangers† in their own country or home. This idea is then exaggerated and made extreme when times are tough or the peop le of the United States need a scapegoat to put their problems or the government/societal issues on.The finger is pointed at the group of outcasts—immigrants. They are easy targets. Easy because immigrants who are non-citizens are â€Å"legally deprived† of many rights the U. S. Constitution provides for citizens. What many fail to realize, as pointed out in Chacon’s Introduction in No One is Illegal is that immigrants who are here, working, living, and building a life here in the United States contribute a great deal to the overall economy and working class.They take part in the jobs that require heavy manual labor and provide the basic jobs for many large corporations in the United States at minimum wage. Rest assured, it is probable that many of their jobs should be compensated at a higher pay for the type of work they are doing, since most are jobs that many of the middle and higher class citizens cringe at when they think about it. I have speculated that th e amount of wage pay or salary today is based upon one’s credentials or experience rather than the manual load or extremities of the job at hand.This correlates to the jobs that many immigrants take on, they do a lot of work for little pay. They work for huge well known corporations and provide the labor needed to keep production at a particular rate. When times are tough and jobs are difficult to find, like right now, the blame is put upon the immigrants who hold these types of jobs. It is said that â€Å"they stole our jobs† and that is why we are unemployed and out of work. However, when looking at the core of the problem, it is not that the immigrants are ith jobs but rather the fact that the higher salary paying jobs and higher wage paying jobs are being let go first due to the downward economy and replaced with other persons who may be less qualified but could still complete the job and task at hand. As discussed, immigrants are a big part of today’s †Å"world† and the fact that they lead their daily lives just as a citizen would, immigrants are still not granted certain simple rights a newborn child is given at birth in the United States due to biases, beliefs and judgments based on history classes, politicians, and the media.

What Is Zema Dosage, Effects, and Safety

What Is Zema Dosage, Effects, and Safety SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you recently started using a Zema-pak or been told that you’ll be prescribed it to treat a specific illness or symptom? If so, you’ve come to the right place. In this article, I’ll explain what Zema is, what it treats, how to take it, and what you need to know to safely use the drug. Feature image source: NIH.gov What’s Zema Used For? A Zema-pak tablet is an oral corticosteroid hormone that’s used to treat a number of different conditions. Zema’s generic name is dexamethasone. Dexamethasone is used to treat a variety of different conditions, including allergic reactions, arthritis, adrenal gland disorders, bowel disorders, skin conditions and certain cancers. Dexamethasone can also be used to treat symptoms caused by illnesses like Lyme disease. Corticosteroid hormones like dexamethasone are used to decrease your body’s natural defensive response. For instance, someone with ulcerative colitis may take dexamethasone to decrease inflammation in their large intestine. Zema-Pak Dosage and Administration Zema-paks come in three separate doses: the 6-day pack, the 10-day pack, and the 13-day pack. The 6-day pack contains 21 tablets, the 10-day pack contains 35 tablets, and the 13-day pack contains 51 tablets. Each tablet is a Zema-pack is a 1.5mg dexamethasone pill. Corticosteroids like dexamethasone can cause dependency and can be dangerous if you stop taking them without warning. Each Zema-pak is designed to slowly and carefully help you stop using the drug. You should take each of the pills in the Zema-pak by mouth as directed by your doctor. To avoid upsetting your stomach, take the pill with food or milk. You should also drink at least one full glass of water when taking the medicine. Make sure you take your pill at the same time each day, for the entire length of the prescription. If, for instance, you’re on a 10-day Zema-pak and start to feel better around day six, you should still take the rest of the pills until you finish the pack. Stopping the medication suddenly can lead to serious side effects or the return of symptoms that you were initially trying to ease. Zema Drug Name and Manufacturer While there are both brand name and generic versions of dexamethasone, Zema-paks in particular are only available in the 6, 10, or 13 day packs. Zema Side Effects Corticosteroids can have serious long and short-term side effects. If you’re experiencing any side effects from your Zema-pak that cause you distress or discomfort, you should seek help from a medical professional. If you’re taking dexamethasone for a long period of time, you should visit your doctor regularly to monitor you for long-term, unwanted side effects. Minor Side Effects The following side effects are minor and do not require immediate medical care. However, if you experience any of these side effects and they worsen, are bothersome, or if you have any questions about them, you should speak with your doctor. Aggression Agitation Headache Irritability Nausea Noisy breathing Shortness of breath Sweatiness Weight gain Major Side Effects The following side effects are more severe and require medical attention from your doctor. Anxiety Darkening of skin Decrease in height Depression Facial hair growth in females Increased risk of serious infection Menstrual irregularities Nervousness Skin rash Trouble thinking, speaking, or walking Long-term use of corticosteroids like a Zema drug pack can lead to serious personality changes, such as increased aggression and irritability. While these side effects may seem minor at first, they can increase and become more out-of-control as time goes on. Corticosteroids can also put you at greater risk of developing serious infections. If you have any signs of infections, such as prolonged fever or sore throat, make sure you inform your doctor. Precautions for Taking Zema Before starting a new drug, it’s important to keep your doctor informed about your medical history so he or she can plan for any potentially dangerous side effects. In particular, make sure you inform your doctor about allergies, infections, kidney or liver disease, mental or mood conditions, high blood pressure, heart problems, brittle bones, and history of blood clots. Interactions to Avoid While Taking Zema Do not get any new immunizations, vaccinations, or skin tests while taking dexamethasone, as you may be at increased risk for infection. You should also avoid people who’ve recently gotten the oral polio vaccine or have inhaled the flu vaccine. Dexamethasone can make it difficult for people with diabetes to control their blood sugar levels. You may need to adjust your medicine or diabetes treatment plan while taking a Zema-pak.= If you have a history of ulcers, you should avoid drinking alcohol while on dexamethasone, as it may increase your risk of intestinal bleeding. There are many drugs that may interact with dexamethasone. You should check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking any new medication to ensure that it interacts properly. Here are some medications that may interact with Zema-paks: Birth control pills Certain cancer drugs (dasatinib, lapatinib) Estrogen hormone replacements HIV inhibitors Antifungals Seizure medications like Phenytoin You should always inform your doctor or pharmacist that you’re taking a Zema-pak if you need to start another medication. Recap: What Is Zema? Zema is a corticosteroid that’s used to treat a variety of conditions from skin rashes to Lyme disease. Zema-paks are brand name and come in three standard doses: 6-day, 10-day, and 13-day. Your doctor will work with you to determine the dosage that’s right to meet your needs. As with any drug, Zema has potential side effects, ranging from minor, such as headache, to major, such as depression. If you’re experiencing any side effects that cause you discomfort or seem particularly dangerous, you should contact your doctor.

An Existentialism View Toward Batman and Naruto Essay Essay Example

An Existentialism View Toward Batman and Naruto Essay Essay Example An Existentialism View Toward Batman and Naruto Essay Paper An Existentialism View Toward Batman and Naruto Essay Paper Essay Topic: Dostoevsky I. Theory of Existentialism Existentialism is a philosophical motion that posits that persons create the significance and kernel of their lives. as opposed to divinities or authoritites making it for them. It emerged as a motion in twentieth-century literature and doctrine. though it had precursors in earlier centuries. Existentialism by and large postulates that the absence of a surpassing force ( such as God ) means that the person is wholly free. and hence. finally responsible. It is up to worlds to make an ethos of personal duty outside any branded belief system. In existential philosophy positions. personal articulation of being is the olny manner to lift above humanity`s absurd status of much agony and inevitable decease. Existentialism is a reaction against traditional doctrines. such as rationalism and empiricist philosophy. that seek to detect an ultimate order in metaphysical rules or in the construction of the ascertained universe. and thereby seek to detect cosmopolitan significance. Existentialism originated with the nineteenth-century philosophers Soren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche. It became prevailing in Continental doctrine. and literary figures such as Fyodor Dostoevsky besides contributed to the motion. In the 1940s and 1950s. Gallic existential philosophy such as Jean-Paul Satre. Albert Camus. and Simone de Beauvoir. wrote scholarly and fictional plants that popularized experiential subjects such as â€Å"dread. ennui. disaffection. the absurd. freedom. committedness. and nothingness. † Walter Kaufmann describes existential philosophy as â€Å"The refusal to belong to any school of idea. the renunciation of the adequateness of any organic structure of beliefs whatever. and particularly of systems. and a pronounced dissatisfaction with traditional phylosophy as superficial. academic. and remote from life. † Existentialism tends to concentrate on the inquiry of human being – the feeling that there is no intent. so nil. at the nucleus of being. Finding a manner to counter this void. by encompassing being. is the cardinal subject of existential philosophy. and the root of the phylosophy’s name. In existential philosophy position. they asserts that a human finds oneself already in a universe and anterior context that the homo can non believe off. In other words. the ultimate and unquestionable world is non consciousness but being. A cardinal proposition of existential philosophy is that worlds define their ain significance in life. Such a position might be phrased technically by philosophers as being precedes kernel. that is a human’s being conceptually precedes the kernel or significance that may be ascribed to the life. Satre. in Essays in Extentialism. farther high spots this consciousness of being thrown into being in the undermentioned manner: â€Å"If adult male. as the existential philosopher conceives him. is undefinable. it is because at first he is nil. Merely subsequently will he be something. and he himself will hold made what he will be. † Stressing action. freedom. and determination as cardinal. existentialist oppose themselves to rationalism and positivism. That is. they argue against definitions of human existences as chiefly rational. Rather. existential philosophers look at where people find significance. Existentialism asserts that people really make determinations based on what has significance to them instead that what is rational. A farther type of existential philosophy is agnostic existential philosophers. who make no claim to cognize whether or non there is a â€Å"greater picture† ; instead. they merely assert that the greatest truth is that which the person chooses to move upon. II. What is Superhero A superhero – sometimes written as ace hero – is a fictional character of extraordinary physical ability dedicated to Acts of the Apostless in the interest of public involvement. Since the introduction of the archetypal superhero Superman in 1938. narratives of superheroes – runing from brief episodic adventures to go oning years-long sagas – have dominated American amusing books and crossed over into other media. A female superhero is sometimes called a superheroine or ace heroine. By most definitions. characters need non hold existent superhuman powers to be deemed superheroes. non. although sometimes footings such as costumed crimefighters are used to mention to those without such powers who have many other common traits of superheroes. The twos include Cybersix from Argentina. Captain Canuck from Canada and the heroes of AK Comics from Egypt. For this Western country. I will take Batman as the representative. Unlike many superheroes. Batman has no world powers and alternatively relies on his ain scientific cognition. detective accomplishments. an athletic abilities. Batman is physically at the extremum of human ability in tonss of countries. notably soldierly humanistic disciplines. tumblings. strenght. and escape prowess. Rather than merely outfighting his oppositions. Batman frequently uses cunning and be aftering to overreach them. Batman’s costumes incorporates the imagination of a chiropteran in order to scare felons. Japan is the lone state that nears the US in end product of superheroes. The earlier of these wore scarves either in add-on to or as a replacement for nesss and many wear helmets alternatively of masks. Moonlight Mask. Ultraman. Kamen Rider. Super Sentai ( the footing for Power Rangers ) . Metal Heroes and Kikaider have become popular in Nipponese tokusatsu live-action shows. and Science Ninja Team Gatchaman. Casshan. The Guyver. and Sailor Moon are basics of Nipponese Zanzibar copal and manga. However. most Nipponese superheroes are shorter-lived. While American amusement companies update and reinvent superheroes. trusting to maintain them popular for decennaries. Nipponese companies retire and introduce superheroes more rapidly. normally on an one-year footing. in order to shorten ware lines. In add-on. Nipponese manga frequently marks female readers. unlike U. S. cartoon strips. and has created such assortments as â€Å"magical girl† ( e. g. Cardcaptor Sakura ) for this audience. For this Eastern country. I will take Naruto as the representative. Naruto whose full name is Uzumaki Naruto is a immature male child who dreams of going the leader of his Hidden Village. It will be hard though for Naruto. because when he was a babe an evil devil was placed inside him to halt its violent disorder. As Naruto grew the townsfolk saw Naruto himself as the devil. even though he was simply its container. Naruto lives in a universe populated by ninja small towns. The ninja service as the ground forcess for the states that inhabit the universe. Most of the states have their ain Hidden Village. which serves to develop and pull off the ninja of the state. Besides the ninja in the series are able to use jutsu techniques. which are the secretiveness. organic structure and semblance humanistic disciplines of the ninja. These allow the ninja to execute many astonishing accomplishments such as the use of the environing elements. III. Batman and Naruto: Their Differences and Their Revelance In Existentialism The true characteristic of Batman as a common people is Bruce Wayne. a millionaire industrialist. He inherited a large corporation. Wayne Corporation. from his male parent. The self-importance ‘Batman’ was born because of two accident. The first was the slaying of Bruce’s parents. Bruce witnessed his parent killed in a gun-accident. A street-criminal shooting them to decease. The second was Bruce falling down into a cave in Wayne’s manor. He fell into a dark and humid cave where a hundred of chiropterans lived. Those two accidents led Bruce to larn about soldierly humanistic disciplines and gadget-operating accomplishment in order to contend the offense in Gotham metropolis. His fright of chiropteran made him have on a bat-costume in making his operation. Therefore. Batman as a superhero who fight a offense has born. This is the really purpose why Batman wants to contend offense: a personal blood feud against felons. Since Batman does non hold any world powers. he relies on his ain scientific cognition. detective accomplishments. an athletic abilities. Besides his wealth enables him to acquire much modern and sophisticated appliance in order to crush his Nemesis. In other manus. Naruto. alternatively of his deficiency of rational ability in work outing a job. his friend still considers some of his actions brilliant. Naruto does all of his action by intuition. non by a precise measure as a ninja should make. What makes Naruto a superhero is that he possesses monolithic abundant chakra energy inside his organic structure. This chakra is originated from a Nine-Tailed Demon Fox that is sealed inside his organic structure. Together with his friends and wise man. Naruto solve the job and battle with the evil ninjas. They act in a group of 4. 3 ninjas and a wise man. They perform a close combat by utilizing soldierly humanistic disciplines and ninjitsu. and a long-range combat by utilizing winging sticker or shuriken. Once they accomplished a mission. they report to the hokage. which is the leader of the small town. Yet. the really of import thing that makes they both become a superhero is that there be some Nemesis. scoundrels. that must be eliminated. They both make some battles to acquire rid of those system distracted. What distinguish them is the manner they make these battles. Batman eliminates offense in Gotham by his ain regulation. He does non obey the regulations prevailed in that metropolis. He deliberately takes action againts condemnable without affecting the governments. It can be concluded that Batman makes his ain system to repair the system. However. Batman – deliberately or non – does non kill his enemy. He merely sents those felons to the governments. to be prisoned or non. Batman’s worst Nemesis. The Joker. is still alive until now. Although they frequently have some ‘fight’ . but neither Batman or The Joker is condemned to decease. While Naruto’s occupation is to maintain the system in his small town to be kept save. He does non go against the system prevailed in his small town. alternatively he is forced to obey that system. His Acts of the Apostless are being ruled by Hokage. the highest authorization in the small town. He is a sort of ‘paid’ superhero that acts upon a mission that is given by that Hokage. Once they accomplished that mission. they have report to that Hokage. Here. Naruto biggest enemy. Kabuto. is remain alive until now. What makes this difference? It is because the different civilization that affect the people in West and East. Why Batman have a nervus to do his ain system to repair the chief system prevailed in his metropolis is due to the Western manner of thought. Western civilization tends to stress critical thought. They are learned to interrupt the regulations if they think that there are some mistakes in those regulations. Their new thoughts are being welcomed. even they are supported to do new innovations. While Eastern state tend to ‘close their eyes’ . They have to accept what the older people says. They are non being couraged to do some critics toward the civilization. They tend to give high regard ( sometimes non in a proper step ) toward conventional thoughts. Here it implies in the manner Batman and Naruto makes their battle to contend offenses. Then another point where existential philosophy takes topographic point besides emmerges. Why those superheroes do non kill their enemies? It is because they ‘need’ their Nemesis so that they can be a superheroes still. Let’s we go back to the inquiry of what makes those superheroes superhero? What do they prosecute? They want to extinguish offenses. Then we come to the inquiry of what causes this offense? Criminals. So superheroes exist because there are some felons. If there are no felons. so there are no superheroes. Like what Satre has said. â€Å"If adult male. as the existential philosopher conceives him. is indefineable. it is because at first he is nil. Merely subsequently will he be something. and he himself will hold made what he will be. † Thus. superhero is nil if there is no condemnable to do him defineable. This is the significance of being predating kernel. I would wish to utilize the term that coined by Heidegger. â€Å"throwness† . that is human existences are â€Å"thrown† into being without holding chosen it. Whether superhero or the enemy do non hold the power to take what they want to be. First they merely exist in the universe. so they merely do the thing that they believe as a greatest truth. This is that greatest truth that they choose to move upon to happen the kernels of their existencies. Noviana Indah Tri Wahyuni a paper for Comparative Studies Superhero Theme.

Business Culture Of Russia English Language Essay

Business Culture Of Russia English Language Essay Imagine that you work for a multinational IT company and have been transferred to Japan for five years on a project. You want to adjust yourself culturally to the new environment so that you do not have cross-cultural problems. Which aspects of the local culture would you wish to observe and understand in order to avoid problems of cross-cultural communication? Hello!! My name is Agnes. I am from Russia. I work in a multi-national company there as Sr. Manager in Marketing Department. For the completion of a project, I have been transferred to Japan for five years. Being two different countries, there are a lot of differences between the business cultures of them. Business Culture of Russia Russia, being one of the fastest growing economies of the world, is an inspiration for international business relations. People who are looking forward to break into a new business or attempting to grow their European presence enjoy their success by the development of new Russian clients and partn ers. Meeting Etiquettes Russians value patience and appreciate time for discussion, consideration and digesting negotiations. Never try to impose a decision through high-pressure talk. It will only make you look impatient, rude and incapable of professional business communications. Although it is acceptable for your Russian colleagues to be late to the business meetings, but, as a foreigner, you are expected to be punctual. Also, do not let your late Russian colleagues to apologize, as their behavior is considered to be a test of your patience level. If your business meeting is based on a technical topic, be sure that you bring technical experts and a Russian interpreter along with you. Your Russian colleagues will expect a thorough presentation associated with your topic. Bringing experts establishes your credibility, foresight and general expertise. Although most Russians speak English, be sure that you have a Russian translation of your business card on the other side, as this in dicates your enthusiasm for doing business with your Russian colleagues. Greeting Etiquettes Initial greetings may come across coolly. Do not expect friendly smiles. A handshake is always required when greeting or leaving, regardless of the relationship. Remove your gloves before shaking hands. Dress Codes Business dress is formal and conservative. Wearing very light or very bright colors may make you appear lazy or unreliable to a Russian person. MEN: They should wear business suits. WOMEN: They should wear subdued colored business suits with skirts that cover the knees. Body Language Russians are very demonstrative people, and public physical contact is common. Hugs, backslapping, kisses on the cheeks and other expansive gestures are common among friends or acquaintances. Russians stand close while they are talking. Making an â€Å"OK† sign in Russia is considered to be very rude gesture. Corporate Culture Russians appreciate punctuality. Business meetings generally begin o n time in Russia. Business cards, in Russia, are always exchanged at business meetings. The ceremony of presenting and receiving business cards is very important. Do not treat it lightly. Hand your business card in a way that the Russian side is readable to the recipient.

Definiton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Definiton - Essay Example This is also a theoretical explanation explaining why employers pay minorities less amounts. Socialization is the process of interaction between members of a given group as they share ideas, concepts, or thoughts with a given environment. Or socialization is the process through which people acquire the language, social skills, value, and knowledge which helps then to conform to the societal norms and values. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a legal provision which prohibits discrimination in all the employment sectors based on race, religion, gender, color, nationality, or pregnancy. Is main aim is to promote fairness and create ‘level the playing field’. Disparate impact occurs when rules and regulations governing all workers in the labor market have a more inhibiting or different effects on a particular group (women and minority) than it impact on the majority. Affirmative action is a policy enacted by a state to increase or create more opportunities to the underrepresented members of the society without considering their color, race, sex, religion, or nationality. Comparable worth – is a job concept with requires that jobs with comparable knowledge, skills, and abilities should be given equal recognition through same salary irrespective of age, sex, gender, color, or race of the employee. Least squares regression analysis is a statistical technique which seeks to investigate the degree of association which exists between the independent and dependent variables using the line of ‘best fit’

Emerging Market-The Challenges And Opportunities Investing In China Essay

Emerging Market-The Challenges And Opportunities Investing In China - Essay Example It is evident that the emerging markets have flexed their muscles in the global arena, and their effect is expected to increase the more. Companies that have invested in these markets have enjoyed and are continuing to enjoy revenues that emanate from these transactions. China is among the emerging markets that has contributed a great mile to the spending of a huge clientele-base, and that has also attracted numerous multi-national companies (MNCs). With the country expected to dominate the global market by the year 2030, challenges are also not devoid from these transactions. This essay shall attempt to discuss the concept of ‘emerging markets’ using the case study of China. Additionally the essay shall keenly analyze the opportunities and threats facing the investors that are likely to invest in this emerging market. 2.0. Body 2.1. Definition of ‘emerging market’ In the thought of Beridze (2008), emerging markets refer to the nations that have actively bee n involved in business activities that have seen their fast growth as well as a huge development in the industrialization process. Among these countries that are termed to be emerging range from Brazil to China. As seen in the research conducted by Palepu & Khanna (2010), China has retained her position as the third in the list of the emerging markets. ... A good example is China that is export-driven with strong capital inflows and investments from well-capitalized banking institutions. Jain (2006) indicates that the markets are expected to stabilize by the day. Additionally, the growth of the world’s economy is expected to emanate from the emerging markets, and 70% of the growth is anticipated according to the economists (Kvint, 2009). Despite the varying interpretations of the term, the fact about the entire aspect is that emerging markets have been instrumental in recording an increase in the capital share in the world economy, and that their GDP is on the increase. As seen in figure 1, China may be defined as an emerging market as emerging markets are ones that are undergoing transformations from third world countries to developed countries, whilst their markets are now reduced to free markets from the state dominated ones (Enderwick, 2012). On another viewpoint, Mody (2004) says that emerging markets are slowly freeing up both internally and externally, due to the processes of economic reforms, that need to incorporate the rapid economic growth. It is evident that the country has opted to increase their role in the market, and minimize the chances that the government will have avenues to control the planning of the market. Pragmatic ideologies have in this case taken the day in the case of China’s economy. Its emergence cannot be alienated from the fact that the country has shed more energy in perfecting its contribution in the manufacturing industry as opposed to other countries that have opted to focus on the service industry whilst others in the agricultural sector. Figure 1: Real GDP growth (%) in the BRIC and US economies Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook (International Monetary

International business finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

International business finance - Essay Example The report also explores re-domiciling of IFM Plc from France to Monaco, in which the report establishes that there is a logical point of view based on a business perspective. In addition, the report addresses the plans set put by the company in expanding into Asia (India and China) that will require about â‚ ¬250 million. Although, the expansion will deliver growth of about 5% in the next five years and is worth undertaking, it carries high risks connected to the massive investment required. The high gearing level of 88% indicates that IFM Plc is significantly exposed to financial risk. The report outlines options that the company can implement to lower its gearing level and attract funding; however, this remains uncertain owing to the interplay of factors involved. In this section, the reports explore the diverse sources of finance that IFM Plc can utilize in its expansion into Asia and the factors that impact on the sources of finance. The report analyzes and appraises prospective venture between IFM Plc and a German subsidiary (EMF Plc), re-domiciling from France to Monaco and pursuing with its expansion efforts into Asia. Indeed, such a move will make sense since the bulk of the business operations are run in Monaco; nevertheless, such a move could hurt the company’s image since it will be purely for profit and the shareholders may not welcome the idea. In the analysis, the report illuminates the operational and strategic challenges that can create costs and benefits in re-domiciling the business into Monaco. The expansion into Asia will help the company to gain access to fresh markets into India and China, especially given that India and China are high-growth countries. The joint venture represents a legal entity that takes the nature of the partnership involved in the joint undertaking of a certain transaction for mutual benefit. As such, the two enterprises jointly undertake a certain transaction for mutual profit, contribute assets and share

Gender Issues and Multicultural Issues in Counseling Essay

Gender Issues and Multicultural Issues in Counseling - Essay Example An example would be an African woman would not seek counseling from a Caucasian American. A middle class American woman would not understand the horrors of Rwanda. Multicultural and gender are usually the basis for counselor’s choice. Another counseling issue is the generalization of gender or race. Women are not all the same, but often grouped together despite the different roles of women in diverse races (Pope-Davis 2001:10). The problems addressed by a Latina woman, will not be the same for an African American woman. The generalizations of races create a stereotype that does not reflect the individual. The final similarity is the way a defined culture or gender’s place in society. After 9/11 Muslim women were ridiculed for wearing a head covering. African American women are perceived as the head of the households (Grant 1998:197). This classifying of individuals is similar in counseling. Counselors are humans. If an apparent Muslim came to a counselor, or needed the services of a counselor, the counselor would paint the Muslim into a terrorist box. Despite training to be impartial, counselors can judge individuals by race or gender. This is another reason individuals tend to want counselors that are the same race or gender. Counseling issues concerning race and gender are very

Scaling Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scaling Study - Essay Example The study is seen to be useful by instructors as feedback about their teaching, by students to select a particular course, and by university administrators for use in employee selection. The questionnaire is reliable in that the students were given the questionnaire at the end of the teaching session. The comments about instructor and course and suggestions about how to improve the course further establish the validity of the questionnaire. The students seem to be in a better position to comment and criticize the course content than the syllabus designers. The students center their attention on how well they were taught and what they learned. So the questionnaire is effective in understanding if the course and the instructor are on the right track: An evaluation often points to problem identification rather than problem solution, and thus should be considered one part of a continuous process of examination, adaption, improvement and evaluation. (Examples and Research on the Use of Questionnaires) The students were asked to determine the appropriateness of the recommended texts and the proposed aims and purpose of the course content. These questions received favorable ratings from the students. Barring a single student all the students found the course content very interesting and relevant. ... Almost all the students rated the instructor very poorly. The report showed that there was lack of enthusiasm in the instructor's way of teaching and he did not provide sufficient illustrations while teaching which made some students lose interest in the course. Also the instructor made little effort in helping the students who had difficulty in the course. The use of aids though helpful was not sufficient in illustrating the course contents. As a result the course was not difficult for those who are expected to achieve higher grades. But for certain students who found the course content very interesting but were not expected to achieve higher grades, the lack of effective teaching methodology made it very difficult to understand the course content. The students were also asked open ended questions as to what changes in the curriculum or the teaching method would be more effective. Almost all of them suggested little or no changes in the course content. But as far as teaching was con cerned there were many comments and suggestions. Thus the questionnaire was helpful in pointing out where the weakness lay. It helped in determining the need for a change in teaching methodology and not the course content. A systematic program of evaluation of teaching staff is more than a management information system, because the focus is value, worth, merit, and effectiveness and an interactive communication network among the parties (teaching staff and administrators) is a crucial part of an evaluation program. (Examples and Research on the Use of Questionnaires) Recommendations by students Questions like encouragement of class discussions by the instructor received poor ratings. Similarly use of aids and personal help to

Production and Cost Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Production and Cost - Term Paper Example The article "Production and Cost" talks about the cost minimization and why it enhances the smooth operation of the organization and reduces raw materials wastage. Production should always be based on the best optimal way that emphasizes on customer value maximization. More importantly, proper controls on the production process and insistent of manufacturing only what is deemed necessary significantly reduces the cost of production. Natural resources and labor costs are the major expenses incurred in creating the final product. The optimum ordering levels should be maintained including the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) to enable smooth flow of production process. The natural resources, work in progress, and final goods must be honestly accounted for. Integration of organizational departments plays a pivotal role in minimizing the cost of production. Arguably, there is great need to reduce costs by considering both variable and fixed costs. Variable expenses can always be regulated to minimize the resulting cost of production. These are costs that increase as the output goes up and decreases when output reduces. Variable costs may comprise of natural resources and direct labor costs. They include costs such as electricity and overtime wages paid to workers involved in the direct production of goods. A company may, therefore, regulate its variable cost to minimize the cost of production. Fixed costs are exogenous hence unconnected with the output. The total fixed cost always remains independent for a long time.

Scaling Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scaling Study - Essay Example The study is seen to be useful by instructors as feedback about their teaching, by students to select a particular course, and by university administrators for use in employee selection. The questionnaire is reliable in that the students were given the questionnaire at the end of the teaching session. The comments about instructor and course and suggestions about how to improve the course further establish the validity of the questionnaire. The students seem to be in a better position to comment and criticize the course content than the syllabus designers. The students center their attention on how well they were taught and what they learned. So the questionnaire is effective in understanding if the course and the instructor are on the right track: An evaluation often points to problem identification rather than problem solution, and thus should be considered one part of a continuous process of examination, adaption, improvement and evaluation. (Examples and Research on the Use of Questionnaires) The students were asked to determine the appropriateness of the recommended texts and the proposed aims and purpose of the course content. These questions received favorable ratings from the students. Barring a single student all the students found the course content very interesting and relevant. ... Almost all the students rated the instructor very poorly. The report showed that there was lack of enthusiasm in the instructor's way of teaching and he did not provide sufficient illustrations while teaching which made some students lose interest in the course. Also the instructor made little effort in helping the students who had difficulty in the course. The use of aids though helpful was not sufficient in illustrating the course contents. As a result the course was not difficult for those who are expected to achieve higher grades. But for certain students who found the course content very interesting but were not expected to achieve higher grades, the lack of effective teaching methodology made it very difficult to understand the course content. The students were also asked open ended questions as to what changes in the curriculum or the teaching method would be more effective. Almost all of them suggested little or no changes in the course content. But as far as teaching was con cerned there were many comments and suggestions. Thus the questionnaire was helpful in pointing out where the weakness lay. It helped in determining the need for a change in teaching methodology and not the course content. A systematic program of evaluation of teaching staff is more than a management information system, because the focus is value, worth, merit, and effectiveness and an interactive communication network among the parties (teaching staff and administrators) is a crucial part of an evaluation program. (Examples and Research on the Use of Questionnaires) Recommendations by students Questions like encouragement of class discussions by the instructor received poor ratings. Similarly use of aids and personal help to

Barriers Faced by Human Service Workers Essay Example for Free

Barriers Faced by Human Service Workers Essay â€Å"Only a life lived for others is a life worthwhile. † – Albert Einstein Human service workers act as a liaison between clients in need and the agencies clients seek to obtain help from, and while human service workers strive to provide services in an adequate and timely manner this is not always possible. Human service workers are human therefore there can be a large margin of error. All human service agencies are subject to barriers that prevent perfect service from being rendered. While certain barriers do exist in the human service field improvements can be made that can lead to greater service. In today’s society technology is dominating the workforce causing former work methods to become obsolete. While technology is constantly changing the changes made are often for the better, allowing companies to thrive and overcome existing barriers once faced. Technology not only benefits â€Å"business† companies, but also greatly improves the barriers faced by human service workers. One potential barrier that human service agencies can face is falsification on company records. Falsification of records can prove fatal, especially in Child or Elder Protection cases. While falsification of records may not be the human service workers intention it can indeed be committed when time restraints prevent case workers from visiting their clients in a given time frame. In August 2006 lack of time and falsification of records proved fatal for 14 year old Danieal Kelley of Philadelphia, Pa. Danieal Kelley a then 14 year old cerebral palsy victim died from neglect at the hands of her own mother. The nightmare of forced starvation and infection that killed Danieal while under the protection of the city’s human service agency is documented in a 258 page grand jury report that charges nine people, her parents, four social workers, and three family friends- in her ghastly death† (CBS3,2008). In the case of Danieal Kelley â€Å"the department of Human Services received at least five reports of Danieal being mistreated between 2003 and 2005†(CBS3, 2008), and while social workers were assigned to Daniela’s case, none appeared to follow through. According to CBS3 news it’s suspected that after Danieal’s death Mickal Kamuvaka the company director of the agency in charge of Daniela’s case held a â€Å"forgery fest† in her office where she had employees â€Å"concoct almost a year’s worth of false progress reports†(CBS3, 2008). The fact that no one took time to protect Danieal sheds light on the terrible fact that â€Å"some† social workers falsify documents to protect themselves. In order to prevent future case like Danieal’s its imperative that a system be in place to prevent social workers from simply doctoring records when it’s convenient for them. A method that could be used to track the whereabouts of said social workers could be a G. P. S. Agencies could provide social workers who are required to make home visits with cell phones implanted with G. P. S. systems. The tracking system could be used while the social workers are on the clock to ensure that home visits are indeed being made within the required time frame. This tracking system could prevent workers from falsifying documentation because their whereabouts would be known ahead of time. An online G. P. S. racking system called World Tracker Web GPS (webgpstrack), which allows devices to be tracked through internet access. According to Mobile GPs online, â€Å"Web GPS Track is a self contained hardware and software package that allows a user to track his assets from anywhere through an internet connected PC† (Mobile GPs, 2008). The Web GPS Tracker works by using the world tracker and a SIM card from a local GSM wireless network carrier. Once the SIM card is inserted into a cell phone, GPS tracking can begin. One’s location can then be accessed by using platforms such as Google maps. This small device can be a very helpful tool in the human service field when it’s necessary to obtain truthful information about a workers true whereabouts. Web GPS Track can become expensive depending on the number of units needed for a given agency. The cost includes a onetime purchase fee of the World Tracker unit which is $350 each. An additional on time subscription fee of 99. 89 per unit is needed to activate the account. Additional fees include a monthly service fee of 19. 98 per unit, a onetime SIM card fee ranging between $25 and $ 50, and any SMS service fee charged by a local service provider. While the cost of GPS tracking can be expensive, it can prove beneficial when proper records are needed, and it may save an agency from facing a large lawsuit because of false documentation, it could also prevent another case of Danieal Kelley. Another potential barrier faced by human service agencies is Intellectual Property Theft. â€Å"Intellectual property is anything from names, images, symbols, and designs used in commerce, intellectual property is considered a valuable asset and most organizations have protected their intellectual property from infringement by others† (Hefter,1995). Intellectual property theft becomes possible when secure information is left unattended and within reach of possible culprits. Some ways that intellectual property may get out is through emails sent to incorrect recipients, when confidential information is left in common areas, or left laying on printers or scanners. Information can also be lost when employees speak on their cell phones in public areas. Intellectual property theft in the human service field can wreak havoc on clients. Personal information can fall into the wrong hands whether it in a domestic violence shelter or and employment shelter. While intellectual property theft is very serious solutions exist that can help combat Intellectual Property Theft. Aside from agencies limiting access to non business related websites to help prevent being hacked, a program called Symantec Data Loss Prevention which is used by leading technological companies can also be used as a safety measure. â€Å"Symantec Data Loss Prevention protects companies from malicious employee behavior, pirating, or accidental leaks that expose confidential information† (Symantec Security, 2008). Symantec Data Loss Prevention works by â€Å"1. Discovery; the software finds confidential data where ever it’s stored, creates an inventory of sensitive, and automatically manages data clean up. 2. Monitor; SDLP helps a company understand how confidential information is being used whether the user is on or off the cooperate network, and gain enterprise visibility. 3. Protect; SDLP helps companies gain visibility into policy violations to proactively secure data and preventing confidential data from leaving an organization.   4.  Manage; SDLP helps companies define universal policies across an enterprise, remediate and report incidents, and detect content accurately within one unified platform† (Symantec Security, 2008). A program offered by Symantec is Norton Internet Security which performs the necessary features above. The cost of the Norton software is fairly inexpensive costing 69. 99. This cost allows a computer to be fully protected for a year before needing to renew the software subscription. Norton is inexpensive software which will help rotect company files and serves as a valuable investment, whether in a corperate office or a human service agency. Another potential barrier faced by human service agencies is the loss of data. As technology becomes more prevalent in the workforce more records are being transferred from paper to computers. As with any form of technology the possibility of records being lost is very real if computers crash or other technological difficulties arise. The best way to protect data is to always backup files. A number of technological software exist that can do this. For agencies using windows, â€Å"The windows server backup software can be used to automatically and continuously backup a number of devices like NAS,CD/DVD, hard drive and tapes† (Computer Customizing, 2008). One form of windows backup software is Acronis True Image which creates a replica of the disk image of the windows server. According to Computer Customizing this backup software helps aid in server disaster recovery by creating backups on a number of media, SAN volumes, and NAS. This software also restores huge databases and all the individual files with instant bare metal restore (Computer Customizing, 2008). This software will help protect all important files preventing valuable files from being lost. Human service workers and human service agencies are bound to face barriers on any given day and while this is an unavoidable truth there are solutions that can allow for a faster paced, safer, and more ethical workplace. While the vast majority of services rendered by human service agencies are completed by hard working human beings, technology is paving the road for a more effective work environment as long as agencies properly utilize the technological tools that are becoming available at a lightning fast rate. Technology is the way of the future and needs to be embraced in order to keep up with the times and not get lost in an overflow of paperwork which distracts from the true purpose of a human service worker which is to be an advocate for those in need.